See ء on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_text": "Most Arabic dialects early on lost the Proto-Semitic glottal stop, which caused compensatory lengthening of a preceding short vowel. At the beginning of the Islamic period only some of the most conservative lects preserved the consonant. Therefore it was not reflected in the spelling: One generally wrote and pronounced ذِيب (ḏīb, “wolf”), for example. The grammarians, however, favoured the conservative pronunciation and indicated the glottal stop with various diacritic marks, which ultimately led to the contemporary ذِئْب (ḏiʔb).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ء",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "هَمْزَة",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ʔ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "hamza",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "letter",
"head2": "هَمْزَة"
},
"expansion": "ء or هَمْزَة • (ʔ or hamza)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hamza (ء) is a sign in the Arabic script that represents the glottal stop /ʔ/. It can be considered a diacritic or a letter, but it is not counted among the 28 letters of the alphabet. The exact spelling of the glottal stop depends on the combination of vowels that follow and precede it. It may be written with آ /ʔaː/, أ /ʔa/, /aʔ/, /ʔu/, إ /ʔi/, ئ /ʔi/, /iʔ/, ؤ /ʔu/, /uʔ/, or, usually after a long vowel, ء."
],
"id": "en-ء-ar-character-dyLLRbnQ",
"links": [
[
"Hamza",
"hamza#English"
],
[
"ء",
"ء#Arabic"
],
[
"diacritic",
"diacritic#English"
],
[
"letter",
"letter#English"
],
[
"آ",
"آ#Arabic"
],
[
"أ",
"أ#Arabic"
],
[
"إ",
"إ#Arabic"
],
[
"ئ",
"ئ#Arabic"
],
[
"ؤ",
"ؤ#Arabic"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "ʔā",
"word": "آ"
},
{
"alt": "ʔ",
"word": "أ"
},
{
"alt": "ʔ",
"word": "إ"
},
{
"alt": "ʔ",
"word": "ؤ"
},
{
"alt": "ʔ",
"word": "ئ"
},
{
"word": "ٱ"
}
],
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Proto-Semitic",
"hamza"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔ/"
}
],
"word": "ء"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "letter",
"tr": "’"
},
"expansion": "ء • (’)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Baluchi",
"lang_code": "bal",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "64 0 8 16 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Baluchi entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 0 3 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Baluchi particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 0 9 13 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 0 6 9 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"همزه (hamza) — The twenty-forth letter of the Baluchi alphabet, written in the Perso-Arabic script."
],
"id": "en-ء-bal-character-p2kXkB4I",
"links": [
[
"همزه",
"همزه#Baluchi"
],
[
"Baluchi",
"Baluchi"
],
[
"alphabet",
"alphabet"
],
[
"Perso-Arabic",
"Perso-Arabic"
],
[
"script",
"script"
]
],
"tags": [
"letter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔ/",
"note": "or silent"
}
],
"word": "ء"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*Hutá",
"4": "*(H)utá"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)utá",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ew",
"4": "*h₂u"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂u",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "bal",
"3": "و",
"tr": "o"
},
"expansion": "Persian و (o)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "bal",
"3": "و",
"tr": "û"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish و (û)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "bal",
"3": "او",
"tr": "aw"
},
"expansion": "Pashto او (aw)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)utá, from *(H)u, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂u. Compare Persian و (o), Central Kurdish و (û), Pashto او (aw).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ءُ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "o",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "conjunction",
"head": "ءُ",
"tr": "o"
},
"expansion": "ءُ • (o)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Baluchi",
"lang_code": "bal",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Central Kurdish terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "me and you",
"roman": "man o tau",
"text": "منٚ ءُ تؤ",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"and"
],
"id": "en-ء-bal-conj-YgERG4Og",
"links": [
[
"and",
"and"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/‿o/ [‿ʊ]",
"tags": [
"Quetta"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/‿o/ [‿o]",
"note": "Zahedan"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʔ/",
"note": "or silent"
}
],
"word": "ء"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "ءَ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "’a",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "particle",
"head": "ءَ",
"tr": "’a"
},
"expansion": "ءَ • (’a)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Baluchi",
"lang_code": "bal",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "We killed the bird.",
"roman": "Mà morg’a koštagantàn.",
"text": "ما مرگءَ کشتگٚتانٚ.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"marks the dative case"
],
"id": "en-ء-bal-particle-liC~5BGr",
"links": [
[
"dative",
"dative#English"
],
[
"case",
"case#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈa/ [ˈɐ]",
"note": "Quetta, Zahedan"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʔ/",
"note": "or silent"
}
],
"word": "ء"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "bal",
"3": "ـه",
"tr": "-eh"
},
"expansion": "Persian ـه (-eh)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare Persian ـه (-eh).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ءَ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "’a",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "suffix",
"head": "ءَ",
"tr": "’a"
},
"expansion": "ءَ • (’a)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Baluchi",
"lang_code": "bal",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You were seen.",
"roman": "Tau gendag’a butè.",
"text": "تؤ گندگءَ بوتے.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form the past participle when used after the infinitive"
],
"id": "en-ء-bal-suffix-wQwNuM36",
"links": [
[
"past",
"past#English"
],
[
"participle",
"participle#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈa/ [ˈɐ]",
"note": "Quetta, Zahedan"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʔ/",
"note": "or silent"
}
],
"word": "ء"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"forms": [
{
"form": "ءِ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "’e",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "particle",
"head": "ءِ",
"tr": "’e"
},
"expansion": "ءِ • (’e)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Baluchi",
"lang_code": "bal",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Ahmad's dog",
"roman": "Ahmad’e kocak",
"text": "احمدءِ کچک",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"marks the genitive case"
],
"id": "en-ء-bal-particle-xYKof47I",
"links": [
[
"genitive",
"genitive#English"
],
[
"case",
"case#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈe/ [ˈe̞~ˈɪ]",
"tags": [
"Quetta"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈe/ [ˈe]",
"note": "Zahedan"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʔ/",
"note": "or silent"
}
],
"word": "ء"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bsk",
"2": "letter",
"tr": "’"
},
"expansion": "ء (’)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Burushaski",
"lang_code": "bsk",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Burushaski entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The forty-seventh letter of the Burushaski alphabet, written in the Perso-Arabic script"
],
"id": "en-ء-bsk-character-rlAXq0iM",
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"Burushaski",
"Burushaski"
],
[
"alphabet",
"alphabet"
],
[
"Perso-Arabic",
"Perso-Arabic"
],
[
"script",
"script"
]
],
"tags": [
"letter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔ]"
}
],
"word": "ء"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "letter",
"head": "ء",
"sc": "Arab"
},
"expansion": "ء",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The thirty-third letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script."
],
"id": "en-ء-ms-character-42IJuFyN",
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"alphabet",
"alphabet"
]
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ا"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ب"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ت"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ة"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ث"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ج"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "چ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ح"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "خ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "د"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ذ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ر"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ز"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "س"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ش"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ص"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ض"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ط"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ظ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ع"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "غ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ڠ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ف"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ڤ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ق"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ک"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ݢ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ل"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "م"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ن"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "و"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ۏ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ه"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ي"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ى"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ڽ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "["
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "e"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "d"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "i"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "t"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "]"
}
],
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"wikipedia": [
"ms:ء"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[hamzah]",
"tags": [
"name"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[(ʔ)]",
"tags": [
"phoneme"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔ]",
"tags": [
"phoneme"
]
}
],
"word": "ء"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "hamze",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "letter",
"tr": "hamze"
},
"expansion": "ء • (hamze)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"همزه (hamze/hamza, “Hamza”) – a character representing a glottal stop. It is considered a letter but is not counted as part of the Persian alphabet."
],
"id": "en-ء-fa-character-mO1ItQtj",
"links": [
[
"همزه",
"همزه#Persian"
],
[
"Hamza",
"Hamza"
],
[
"character",
"character"
],
[
"glottal stop",
"glottal stop"
],
[
"letter",
"letter"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "أ"
},
{
"word": "إ"
},
{
"word": "ؤ"
},
{
"word": "ئ"
}
],
"tags": [
"letter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hamza/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian",
"Dari"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hamze/",
"tags": [
"Iran"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔ]",
"note": "Formal, all dialects"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɑː]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[oː]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[eː]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[w]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[j]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"word": "ء"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "'",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "hamza",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "letter",
"tr": "'",
"tr2": "hamza"
},
"expansion": "ء • (' or hamza)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Urdu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Urdu terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Urdu terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ہَمْزَہ (hamza, “Hamza”) – the thirty-fifth letter of the Urdu alphabet."
],
"id": "en-ء-ur-character-ajJnsCyO",
"links": [
[
"ہَمْزَہ",
"ہمزہ#Urdu"
],
[
"Hamza",
"Hamza"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "Urdu letters containing a hamza",
"word": "ئ"
},
{
"roman": "o",
"word": "ؤ"
},
{
"roman": "h-yi",
"word": "ۂ"
},
{
"word": "ئ"
},
{
"word": "هٔ"
},
{
"word": "أ"
},
{
"word": "إ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ا"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "a"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "l"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "i"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "f"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ب"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "b"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "e"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "پ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "p"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ت"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "t"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ٹ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ṭ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ث"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "s"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ج"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "j"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ī"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "m"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "چ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "c"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ح"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ṛ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "h"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "خ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "x"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "د"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "d"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ā"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ڈ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ḍ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ذ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "z"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ر"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "r"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ڑ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ز"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ژ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ź"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "س"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "n"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ش"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ś"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ص"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "u"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ض"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ط"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "o"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ظ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ع"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "'"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "غ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ġ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ف"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ق"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "q"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ک"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "k"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "گ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "g"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ل"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "م"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ن"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ū"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ں"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ہ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ھ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "و"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "v"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ی"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "y"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ے"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ء"
}
],
"tags": [
"letter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɦəm.zɑ(ː)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɪ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[je]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ji]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʔ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɡɑː.õ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɡɑː.ʔõ/"
}
],
"word": "ء"
}
{
"etymology_text": "Most Arabic dialects early on lost the Proto-Semitic glottal stop, which caused compensatory lengthening of a preceding short vowel. At the beginning of the Islamic period only some of the most conservative lects preserved the consonant. Therefore it was not reflected in the spelling: One generally wrote and pronounced ذِيب (ḏīb, “wolf”), for example. The grammarians, however, favoured the conservative pronunciation and indicated the glottal stop with various diacritic marks, which ultimately led to the contemporary ذِئْب (ḏiʔb).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ء",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "هَمْزَة",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ʔ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "hamza",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "letter",
"head2": "هَمْزَة"
},
"expansion": "ء or هَمْزَة • (ʔ or hamza)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"pos": "character",
"related": [
{
"roman": "ʔā",
"word": "آ"
},
{
"alt": "ʔ",
"word": "أ"
},
{
"alt": "ʔ",
"word": "إ"
},
{
"alt": "ʔ",
"word": "ؤ"
},
{
"alt": "ʔ",
"word": "ئ"
},
{
"word": "ٱ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
"Arabic lemmas",
"Arabic letters",
"Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Hamza (ء) is a sign in the Arabic script that represents the glottal stop /ʔ/. It can be considered a diacritic or a letter, but it is not counted among the 28 letters of the alphabet. The exact spelling of the glottal stop depends on the combination of vowels that follow and precede it. It may be written with آ /ʔaː/, أ /ʔa/, /aʔ/, /ʔu/, إ /ʔi/, ئ /ʔi/, /iʔ/, ؤ /ʔu/, /uʔ/, or, usually after a long vowel, ء."
],
"links": [
[
"Hamza",
"hamza#English"
],
[
"ء",
"ء#Arabic"
],
[
"diacritic",
"diacritic#English"
],
[
"letter",
"letter#English"
],
[
"آ",
"آ#Arabic"
],
[
"أ",
"أ#Arabic"
],
[
"إ",
"إ#Arabic"
],
[
"ئ",
"ئ#Arabic"
],
[
"ؤ",
"ؤ#Arabic"
]
],
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Proto-Semitic",
"hamza"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔ/"
}
],
"word": "ء"
}
{
"categories": [
"Baluchi entries with incorrect language header",
"Baluchi lemmas",
"Baluchi letters",
"Baluchi particles",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "letter",
"tr": "’"
},
"expansion": "ء • (’)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Baluchi",
"lang_code": "bal",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"همزه (hamza) — The twenty-forth letter of the Baluchi alphabet, written in the Perso-Arabic script."
],
"links": [
[
"همزه",
"همزه#Baluchi"
],
[
"Baluchi",
"Baluchi"
],
[
"alphabet",
"alphabet"
],
[
"Perso-Arabic",
"Perso-Arabic"
],
[
"script",
"script"
]
],
"tags": [
"letter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔ/",
"note": "or silent"
}
],
"word": "ء"
}
{
"categories": [
"Baluchi conjunctions",
"Baluchi entries with incorrect language header",
"Baluchi lemmas",
"Baluchi particles",
"Baluchi terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Baluchi terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Baluchi terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Central Kurdish terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*Hutá",
"4": "*(H)utá"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)utá",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ew",
"4": "*h₂u"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂u",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "bal",
"3": "و",
"tr": "o"
},
"expansion": "Persian و (o)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "bal",
"3": "و",
"tr": "û"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish و (û)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "bal",
"3": "او",
"tr": "aw"
},
"expansion": "Pashto او (aw)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)utá, from *(H)u, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂u. Compare Persian و (o), Central Kurdish و (û), Pashto او (aw).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ءُ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "o",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "conjunction",
"head": "ءُ",
"tr": "o"
},
"expansion": "ءُ • (o)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Baluchi",
"lang_code": "bal",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Baluchi terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "me and you",
"roman": "man o tau",
"text": "منٚ ءُ تؤ",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"and"
],
"links": [
[
"and",
"and"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/‿o/ [‿ʊ]",
"tags": [
"Quetta"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/‿o/ [‿o]",
"note": "Zahedan"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʔ/",
"note": "or silent"
}
],
"word": "ء"
}
{
"categories": [
"Baluchi entries with incorrect language header",
"Baluchi lemmas",
"Baluchi particles",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "ءَ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "’a",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "particle",
"head": "ءَ",
"tr": "’a"
},
"expansion": "ءَ • (’a)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Baluchi",
"lang_code": "bal",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Baluchi terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "We killed the bird.",
"roman": "Mà morg’a koštagantàn.",
"text": "ما مرگءَ کشتگٚتانٚ.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"marks the dative case"
],
"links": [
[
"dative",
"dative#English"
],
[
"case",
"case#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈa/ [ˈɐ]",
"note": "Quetta, Zahedan"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʔ/",
"note": "or silent"
}
],
"word": "ء"
}
{
"categories": [
"Baluchi entries with incorrect language header",
"Baluchi lemmas",
"Baluchi particles",
"Baluchi suffixes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "bal",
"3": "ـه",
"tr": "-eh"
},
"expansion": "Persian ـه (-eh)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare Persian ـه (-eh).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ءَ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "’a",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "suffix",
"head": "ءَ",
"tr": "’a"
},
"expansion": "ءَ • (’a)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Baluchi",
"lang_code": "bal",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Baluchi terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You were seen.",
"roman": "Tau gendag’a butè.",
"text": "تؤ گندگءَ بوتے.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form the past participle when used after the infinitive"
],
"links": [
[
"past",
"past#English"
],
[
"participle",
"participle#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈa/ [ˈɐ]",
"note": "Quetta, Zahedan"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʔ/",
"note": "or silent"
}
],
"word": "ء"
}
{
"categories": [
"Baluchi entries with incorrect language header",
"Baluchi lemmas",
"Baluchi particles",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"forms": [
{
"form": "ءِ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "’e",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "particle",
"head": "ءِ",
"tr": "’e"
},
"expansion": "ءِ • (’e)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Baluchi",
"lang_code": "bal",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Baluchi terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Ahmad's dog",
"roman": "Ahmad’e kocak",
"text": "احمدءِ کچک",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"marks the genitive case"
],
"links": [
[
"genitive",
"genitive#English"
],
[
"case",
"case#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈe/ [ˈe̞~ˈɪ]",
"tags": [
"Quetta"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈe/ [ˈe]",
"note": "Zahedan"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʔ/",
"note": "or silent"
}
],
"word": "ء"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bsk",
"2": "letter",
"tr": "’"
},
"expansion": "ء (’)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Burushaski",
"lang_code": "bsk",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Burushaski entries with incorrect language header",
"Burushaski lemmas",
"Burushaski letters",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"The forty-seventh letter of the Burushaski alphabet, written in the Perso-Arabic script"
],
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"Burushaski",
"Burushaski"
],
[
"alphabet",
"alphabet"
],
[
"Perso-Arabic",
"Perso-Arabic"
],
[
"script",
"script"
]
],
"tags": [
"letter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔ]"
}
],
"word": "ء"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "letter",
"head": "ء",
"sc": "Arab"
},
"expansion": "ء",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "character",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ا"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ب"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ت"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ة"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ث"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ج"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "چ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ح"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "خ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "د"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ذ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ر"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ز"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "س"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ش"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ص"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ض"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ط"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ظ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ع"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "غ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ڠ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ف"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ڤ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ق"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ک"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ݢ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ل"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "م"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ن"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "و"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ۏ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ه"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ي"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ى"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "ڽ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "["
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "e"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "d"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "i"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "t"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"urls": [
"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Template:list:Arabic_script_letters/ms?action=edit"
],
"word": "]"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay letters",
"Malay terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Malay terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"The thirty-third letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script."
],
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"alphabet",
"alphabet"
]
],
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"wikipedia": [
"ms:ء"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[hamzah]",
"tags": [
"name"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[(ʔ)]",
"tags": [
"phoneme"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔ]",
"tags": [
"phoneme"
]
}
],
"word": "ء"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "hamze",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "letter",
"tr": "hamze"
},
"expansion": "ء • (hamze)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "character",
"related": [
{
"word": "أ"
},
{
"word": "إ"
},
{
"word": "ؤ"
},
{
"word": "ئ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian letters"
],
"glosses": [
"همزه (hamze/hamza, “Hamza”) – a character representing a glottal stop. It is considered a letter but is not counted as part of the Persian alphabet."
],
"links": [
[
"همزه",
"همزه#Persian"
],
[
"Hamza",
"Hamza"
],
[
"character",
"character"
],
[
"glottal stop",
"glottal stop"
],
[
"letter",
"letter"
]
],
"tags": [
"letter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hamza/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian",
"Dari"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hamze/",
"tags": [
"Iran"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔ]",
"note": "Formal, all dialects"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɑː]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[oː]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[eː]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[w]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[j]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"word": "ء"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "'",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "hamza",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "letter",
"tr": "'",
"tr2": "hamza"
},
"expansion": "ء • (' or hamza)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"pos": "character",
"related": [
{
"roman": "Urdu letters containing a hamza",
"word": "ئ"
},
{
"roman": "o",
"word": "ؤ"
},
{
"roman": "h-yi",
"word": "ۂ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ا"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "a"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "l"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "i"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "f"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ب"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "b"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "e"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "پ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "p"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ت"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "t"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ٹ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ṭ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ث"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "s"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ج"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "j"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ī"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "m"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "چ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "c"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ح"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ṛ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "h"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "خ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "x"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "د"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "d"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ā"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ڈ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ḍ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ذ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "z"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ر"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "r"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ڑ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ز"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ژ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ź"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "س"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "n"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ش"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ś"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ص"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "u"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ض"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ط"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "o"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ظ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ع"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "'"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "غ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ġ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ف"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ق"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "q"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ک"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "k"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "گ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "g"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ل"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "م"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ن"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ū"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ں"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ہ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ھ"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "و"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "v"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ی"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "y"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ے"
},
{
"sense": "Letters of the Urdu alphabet",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ء"
},
{
"word": "ئ"
},
{
"word": "هٔ"
},
{
"word": "أ"
},
{
"word": "إ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Urdu entries with incorrect language header",
"Urdu lemmas",
"Urdu letters",
"Urdu terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Urdu terms with redundant transliterations"
],
"glosses": [
"ہَمْزَہ (hamza, “Hamza”) – the thirty-fifth letter of the Urdu alphabet."
],
"links": [
[
"ہَمْزَہ",
"ہمزہ#Urdu"
],
[
"Hamza",
"Hamza"
]
],
"tags": [
"letter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɦəm.zɑ(ː)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɪ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[je]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ji]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʔ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɡɑː.õ/"
},
{
"other": "/ɡɑː.ʔõ/"
}
],
"word": "ء"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ء meaning in All languages combined (22.9kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: ’",
"path": [
"ء"
],
"section": "Baluchi",
"subsection": "letter",
"title": "ء",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: ’",
"path": [
"ء"
],
"section": "Burushaski",
"subsection": "letter",
"title": "ء",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.